UK Museums: National Portrait Gallery, London
National Portrait Gallery
The National Portrait Gallery adjacent to the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square in central London dates from the mid-19th century. It houses a vast collection of portraits of historically important and famous British people, as well as photographs, prints, caricatures, statues and drawings. Indeed, the collection is the largest of its kind in the world with over 200,000 items. There are regional branches of the NPG at Beningbrough Hall in Yorkshire and Montacute House in Somerset.
History
The National Portrait Gallery was established in 1856, following a successful campaign by historian and philanthropist Thomas Carlyle. Carlyle sought to create a gallery of portraits to celebrate and commemorate British history. The initial idea was to have a gallery of famous British figures' portraits, not just to celebrate their accomplishments but also to educate and inspire future generations.
The gallery initially opened to the public in 1859 in temporary premises. Its first director, historian George Scharf, began acquiring portraits and fostering an interest in portraiture as a genre. The early collection mainly consisted of donations and loans from private collectors.
Eventually, the National Portrait Gallery found a permanent home in 1896 when it moved to its current location on St Martin's Place, just off Trafalgar Square. The building was designed by the architect Ewan Christian and was specifically constructed to house the growing portrait collection.
Over the years, the collection has continued to expand through acquisitions, donations, and bequests. The gallery now contains a diverse array of portraits, including paintings, photographs, drawings, and sculptures of individuals from various fields, such as politics, arts, science, and entertainment.
The National Portrait Gallery's mission has always been to tell the story of the people who have shaped British history and culture. It serves as an educational institution, offering insights into the lives and contributions of notable figures. The gallery has educational programs, exhibitions, and events aimed at engaging visitors with its collection.
The gallery has undergone several renovations and expansions to better accommodate its growing collection and the needs of its visitors. The latest was the major re-development project Inspiring People. The project witnessed a full re-presentation of the Collection, as well as a refurbishment of the building, the creation of public spaces, and a new Learning Centre.
National Gallery Collection
The collection spans from the 16th century to the present day, featuring portraits of monarchs, statesmen, military leaders, authors, artists, scientists, and many other influential figures in British history. Notable examples include portraits of Queen Elizabeth I, William Shakespeare, Queen Victoria, Winston Churchill, and other luminaries.
In addition, the gallery actively acquires portraits of contemporary figures, ensuring that the collection remains relevant and reflects modern British society. This includes portraits of celebrities, politicians, artists, and individuals who have shaped contemporary culture and society.
The collection includes a significant number of photographic portraits, showcasing the evolution of photography as a medium for portraiture. It features works by renowned photographers such as Cecil Beaton, Annie Leibovitz, and Richard Avedon. In addition to paintings and photographs, the gallery houses an impressive collection of sculpted portraits and busts, including works by artists like Jacob Epstein and Barbara Hepworth.
Portraits from the Tudor and Stuart eras are particularly important at the NPG. These portraits provide insights into the lives and reigns of monarchs and their courts during this pivotal period of British history.
Over recent years the NPG has made a concerted effort to highlight and celebrate the contributions of women and individuals from diverse backgrounds. The collection includes portraits of pioneering women, ethnic minorities, LGBTQ+ figures, and other historically marginalized groups.
Special Events & Temporary Exhibitions
The gallery also houses special collections, such as the "Portraits of the Famous and Infamous" series, which includes portraits of well-known individuals who have shaped contemporary society. As well, the NPG organizes exhibitions and displays focusing on specific themes or topics, providing a different perspective on British culture. These exhibitions may explore subjects like fashion, science, literature, or significant historical events.
Access - Getting to the NPG
St Martin's Place
London
WC2H 0HE
Tel: 020 7306 0055
www: npg.org.uk
Hours: open daily: 10.30 am to 6 pm; Friday and Saturday: 10.30 am to 7 pm.
The nearest stations to the National Gallery and National Portrait Gallery are Charing Cross on National Rail and the Northern and Bakerloo lines and Leicester Square on both the Northern and Piccadilly lines. Many London buses pass near Trafalgar Square including numbers #3, #6, #9, #11, #15, #23, #24, #87, #91, #139, #176.
Eat, Drink & Shop
The Portrait Restaurant at the top of the NPG has views over Trafalgar Square. It offers both a bar area and restaurant. On the ground floor, the café a range of fresh juices and drinks, speciality coffee, as well as cakes, salads, and sandwiches.
The National Portrait Gallery Shop offers a selection of gifts online.
Image Gallery
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